In a concerning development, the USDA has confirmed Nebraska’s first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dairy cattle herd. This marks a significant milestone in the ongoing spread of H5N1 among U.S. livestock, which began in March 2024. APHIS
As the virus continues to affect dairy cattle across multiple states, including California, Michigan, Nevada, Idaho, Arizona, and Texas, the implications for milk production and public health are becoming increasingly evident.
🐄 How Bird Flu Affects Dairy Cattle
Infected dairy cows often exhibit symptoms such as decreased milk production, reduced feed intake, and general malaise. These symptoms can lead to significant economic losses for producers, especially as the virus spreads to multiple states.
Since the onset of the outbreak in March 2024, dairy cattle in 17 states have been confirmed to be infected. While reports of new cases have slowed, the persistence of the virus poses ongoing risks to the dairy industry.
🦠 Public Health Considerations
While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that the risk to the general public remains low, farm workers who come into contact with infected animals are at higher risk. Since 2024, 70 human cases have been reported, primarily among dairy farm workers.
It's important to note that pasteurized milk remains safe for consumers, as the pasteurization process effectively inactivates the virus.
🧪 USDA's Response and Ongoing Monitoring
The USDA, in collaboration with the Nebraska Department of Agriculture, has quarantined the affected herd and is conducting additional on-farm investigations and testing to understand the extent of the infection and prevent further spread.
The USDA continues to monitor and respond to HPAI cases in livestock through its National Milk Testing Strategy, which includes mandatory testing of raw milk samples nationwide.
📉 Economic Implications
The spread of HPAI among dairy cattle has the potential to disrupt milk production and supply chains. Producers may face increased costs due to decreased milk yields and the need for enhanced biosecurity measures. Consumers could experience higher prices or reduced availability of dairy products if the outbreak continues to spread.
🔍 Looking Ahead
The situation remains fluid, and ongoing vigilance is essential. Producers are encouraged to implement strict biosecurity measures and report any unusual symptoms in their herds to local authorities. The USDA and state agencies continue to work together to monitor and control the spread of HPAI in livestock.
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